Types of Translation and Finding Professional Translation Services
Experts have different views in classifying translation. Each classifies translations based on different aspects. Therefore, the variety of translations varies, depending on what aspects are seen. This article will discuss the types of translation based on linguistic aspects, the purpose of translation, and the media used.
Types of Translations provided by Professional translation services
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Types of Translation Based on Linguistic Aspects
Based on the linguistic aspect, Jacobson (1959) divides translation into three, namely intralingual translation, interlingual translation, and intersemiotic translation.
- Intralingual translation is the process of transferring language from one verbal language to another in the same language. Usually, this translation is used to change a word that is less familiar into a word that is easier for readers to understand. An example of intralingual translation is converting poetry into prose.
- Interlanguage translation is the translation of verbal language from one language to another. This is the kind of translation that we are familiar with. An example of an interlanguage translation is an English novel translated into German.
- Intersemiotic translation is the process of changing the language from verbal language to nonverbal language, such as a sign or sign language. An example of intersemiotic translation is the addition of sign language in news broadcasts on television.
Types of Translation Based on Aspects of the Purpose of Translation
Meanwhile, Brislin (1976, 3-4) divides translation into four types based on Casagrande’s formulation, namely pragmatic, aesthetic-poetic, ethnographic, and linguistic.
- Pragmatic translation is a translation that emphasizes the accuracy of the message or information, so the message from the source language must be explained correctly. This type of translation is usually used to translate technical documents such as machine repair information.
- Aesthetic-poetic translation is a translation that prioritizes the aesthetic concept of the source language, including emotions, feelings, and feelings. This type of translation is usually used to translate literary works, such as poetry, plays, and novels.
- Ethnographic translation is a translation that prioritizes the cultural context, so the translator must understand the culture of the source and target languages.
- Linguistic translation is a translation that prioritizes the equivalent meaning and grammar of the source language into the target language. An example of linguistic translation is language in computer programs.
Types of Translation Based on the Media Used
As mentioned earlier, experts differ in terms of translation. Some argue that the word translation refers to all translations, whether using written, oral, or sign media. However, some argue that the word translation is only used for translating with written media. Therefore, some translator experts divide the translation into two types based on the media used, namely written translation and oral translation. In English, written translation is called translation, while oral translation is called interpretation or interpreting. The person who does the oral translation is called the interpreter.
